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Immunotherapy and small cell lung cancer (SCLC)

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Lung cancers are mainly of two types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Small cell lung cancer accounts for about 15% of all the types of lung cancers. The SCLC is also known as small cell undifferentiated carcinoma, oat cell carcinoma and oat cell cancer. Neuroendocrine tumors are another group of tumors that are found in lungs and show a spectrum of tumors, ranging from slow growing non metastatic carcinoid tumors to highly malignant small cell resembling cancers. SCLC has a unique biology with specific molecular and cellular changes. Chromosomal alterations, tumor suppressor genes, oncogenes, aberrant signaling pathways, receptor tyrosine kinases and growth factors are known to occur in SCLC. Immunotherapy might be beneficial for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). There is no immunotherapeutic, which is approved by FDA approved for SCLC, However, a wide variety of immumotherapeuticsare under clinical trials for the treatment of SCLC.

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